Abstract
The fine ground waste from the manufacture of clay bricks fired at 800 - 1000 °C, was used as an additive (from 10 % to 70 wt%) to the basic body of ceramic wall tiles from Egyptian raw materials. The waste which is produced in small factories in most Egyptian governorates as defective bricks, constitutes a major environmental problem. The Samples were fired at 1100 °C, 1125 °C, and 1150 °C for 5, 10, and 15 min soaking time. Firing shrinkage and vitrification parameters were determined and compared to both Egyptian and ISO standards. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) carried on crushing strength data, showed that the percent replacement was the most influential factor rather than temperature or soaking time. The recommended sample consisting of 20 % ground waste was shaped in tile form. The tiles were tested in accordance to both ISO and Egyptian standards. Results of water absorption, crushing strength, MOR, thermal chock resistance, chemicals and staining resistance, and hardness conformed to standards. The 20 % fired clay waste addition is recommended for both its economical and environmental benefits.
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