Materials Innovations for Alternative Energy Systems in Japan



ISSN online 2612-4882
ISSN print 2612-4408

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Kohmei Halada
Innovative Materials Engineering Lab., National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

https://doi.org/10.29272/cmt.2021.0012

Abstract

As the issue of global climate change is becoming a crucial problem for global security, Japan government is heavily
engaged to address the problem by promoting the programme “Cool Earth 50” which includes two key items:
one is “Low Carbon Society”, and the other is “Eco-innovation”. Eco-innovation includes the material innovation
for alternative energy system, such as photovoltaic, fuel cell, advanced nuclear technology etc. Following the
Eco-innovation, roadmap on various innovative technologies are investigated. Based on these roadmaps, METI
(Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry) made “Cool Earth-Innovative Energy Technology Program”, and picked
up 21 technologies to be prioritized at 5 march 2008. In May 2008, CSTP(Council for Science and Technology
Policy), whose chair is the prime minister, made up a general plan named “Environment and Energy Innovation
Plan” which covers from short term to long term innovations. While these eco-innovations are very important,
they also increase the risk on material supply. It is predicted several times of amount of metals will be required
comparing their reserves in mine. The General Plan of Environmental Protection added TMR (Total Material
Requirement), which indicate the total amount of material through life-cycle including the great amount of mining
waste, as a environmental indicator. And, a new project preparing for material supply risk in a near future has
been launched by the cooperative support of METI and MEXT(Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science
and Technology). The name of the project is “Elements Science and Technology Project” which aims dramatic
reduction of material amount per function, and development of alternative material into abundant ones.
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