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The traditional Japanese red pigment called bengara has vivid yellowish red color as compared with the pure hematite powder. The traditional bengara is composed of mainly hematite, for impurities, a small amount of quartz and corundum. The color of reproduced bengara was great influenced by the particles shape and size of hematite powder.
On this Part II of this paper that deals with the main trends on the research in ceramic pigments field, the adaptation of classical ceramic pigments to new glazes or porcelainised stoneware matrix and to satisfy health an environmental regulations, and generation of pigments in situ from an aqueous or organic solution of pigment precursors, adapted to the new decoration systems such as soluble salts for porcelain stoneware or inkjet technologies are discussed.
Potential ceramic raw materials outcropping in the Cohauila State, Mexico, have been evaluated, at a laboratory scale, for the production of extruded tiles. After characterization of the single materials, mixes have been prepared and subjected to laboratory technological tests. The formulations have been also compared with those of bodies used in the Italian tile industry. The control of technological parameters have indicated the best mix, obtainable with the studied materials, suitable for further pilot-plant tests.
The bonding properties of a large number of phosphate materials have been recognized for many years. Numerous processes for utilization of these properties have been patented, and both heat-setting and cold-setting compositions have been described. Phosphate bonds are of particular interest in the field of refractories because of the high fusion temperature of many phosphates. This study deals with a material based on tabular alumina and zircon (AZ) that was compared to a material based on pure zircon (Z). Mechanical properties (MOR) of these materials were analyzed in relation to their P2O5 contents, as well as their physical characteristics in relation to the treatment temperature and the development of crystalline phases.
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